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| − | '''[[File:Firestarter006.jpg|thumb|left|250px]]'''Andrew "Andy" McGee''' was played by David Keith in the movie [[Firestarter (film)|Firestarter]]. ''' |
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| + | |name = Andy McGee |
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| + | |image = Firestarter006.jpg |
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| + | |born = December 14, 1947 (Novel) |
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| + | |age = 35 (Novel) |
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| + | |gender = Male |
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| + | |died = October 9, 1982 (Novel) |
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| + | |status = Deceased |
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| + | |alias = Bruce Rozelle<br>Frank Burton |
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| + | |family = Granther McGee (grandfather)<br>[[Vicky Tomlinson|Victoria Tomlinson]] (wife)<br>[[Charlie McGee|Charlene "Charlie" McGee]] |
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| + | |job = English teacher |
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| + | |home = [[Harrison, Ohio]] |
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| + | |actor = [[David Keith]] (1984)}} |
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| + | '''Andrew "Andy" McGee''' is the deuteragonist in [[Firestarter]] and [[Firestarter (film)|the 1984 film adaptation]]. |
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| + | ==Firestarter (novel)== |
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| − | He was a teacher at the [[Harrison University|university]] in [[Harrison, Ohio]]. In 1969, while still a student at the same university, he took part in a test of chemical substances organised by The Shop. The chemical that he got injected was called [[Lot Six]], and it changed his chromosomes, giving him the ability to 'push' others' minds to make them do or believe whatever he told them. |
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| + | Andy was born on December 14, 1947, in [[Tashmore, Vermont]]. |
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| + | Once, when he was 9 years old, he was hunting with his father and maternal grandfather, and he killed a squirrel. Traumatized by what he had done, he vowed to never kill anything with a gun, to which his grandfather told him, "God loves to make a man break a vow". |
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| − | Later he married [[Vicky Tomlinson]], a young woman who also had taken part in the test and developed minor telekinetic abilities. When their daughter [[Charlie McGee|Charlie]] was born, they learned that she had the ability to start fires with her mind. |
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| + | Once, when he was 10 years old, he broke his left ankle while sliding into second base in a Little League baseball game. |
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| − | [[The Shop]], who was keeping tabs on the family after the test, wanted to find out more about Charlie's powers and tried to kidnap her. Vicky was murdered in their attempt to capture Charlie, but Andy was able to rescue and escape with Charlie. |
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| + | Andy's father died from a sudden heart attack when he was 11 (1958), and his mother was killed in a car crash when he was 17 (1964). He was later raised by his mother's sister Cora. |
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| − | Despite his attempt to remain undercover, Andy and Charlie were eventually captured by the Shop and subseqently separated, Andy becoming addicted to drugs as they attempted to determine how his abilities worked. However, during a blackout, Andy was able to 'Push' himself to recover from his addiction, subsequently setting up a plan to escape. The attempt succeeded in reuniting him with Charlie in a barn, but the deteriorating mental condition of the Shop facility after Andy pushed him, combined with the twisted actions of John Rainbird, resulted in Andy being shot in the head as he and Charlie tried to escape, his last words being to ask Charlie to destroy the base and ensure that the government couldn't try something like this again. |
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| + | At some point, he moved to [[Harrison, Ohio|Harrison]], a town in eastern Ohio. He enrolled at [[Harrison State College]] around 1966. |
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| − | ==Powers/Abilities== |
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| − | As a result of the Shop's experiments on him, Andy gained a minor mind-manipulation power, which he referred to as 'the Push'. When he concentrated on someone, Andy could make them believe whatever he told them or perform certain actions, ranging from convincing someone not to commit suicide to telling an agent of the Shop that the gun he was holding was too hot to hold. Use of the Push gave Andy various headaches, but these varied in intensity depending on how long it had been since he last used the Push and what he made the subject do when they were Pushed. The ability was most successful when used on unsuspecting targets of average intelligence, with it being ineffective on people who were particularly smart or particularly stupid who had reason to suspect that he was about to do something. |
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| + | In May 1969, his friend [[Quincy Tremont]] recommended $200 if he volunteered for an experiment being performed by [[Joseph Wanless]], Doctor of Psychology for [[The Shop]]. Although suspicious, he agreed to sign on. |
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| − | = Bob Marley = |
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| − | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
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| + | On May 6, he turned in his volunteer form when he met his future wife [[Vicky Tomlinson|Victoria "Vicky" Tomlinson]]. The two got to talking, and Andy was disappointed when he found out she had a boyfriend named George. Nevertheless, he convinced Vicky to sign on to the experiment. Although George was adamant about her not doing so, Vicky volunteered anyway. |
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| − | "Marley" redirects here. For other uses, see Bob Marley (disambiguation) and Marley (disambiguation). |
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| − | {| class="infobox biography vcard" |
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| − | ! colspan="2" |<small>The Honourable</small><br> |
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| − | Bob Marley<br> |
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| − | <small>OM</small> |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | colspan="2" |Marley performing in 1980 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Born |
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| − | |Robert Nesta Marley<br> |
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| − | 6 February 1945<br> |
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| − | Nine Mile, Saint Ann, Jamaica |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Died |
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| − | |11 May 1981 (aged 36)<br> |
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| − | Miami, Florida, United States |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Cause of death |
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| − | |Metastatic melanoma |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Other names |
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| − | | |
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| − | * Donald Marley |
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| − | * Tuff Gong |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Occupation |
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| − | | |
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| − | * Singer |
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| − | * songwriter |
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| − | * musician |
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| − | * guitarist |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Home town |
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| − | |Trenchtown, Kingston, Jamaica |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Religion |
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| − | |Roman Catholic (1945–66) |
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| − | Rastafarian (1966–80) |
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| − | Ethiopian Orthodox (1980–81) |
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| − | Baptised Rastafarian |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Spouse(s) |
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| − | |Alpharita Anderson Marley(<abbr>m.</abbr> <abbr>1966</abbr>; his death 1981) |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Children |
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| − | |Sharon Marley Prendergast(adopted)<br> |
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| − | Cedella Marley<br> |
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| − | David Nesta "Ziggy" Marley<br> |
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| − | Stephen Robert Nesta Marley<br> |
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| − | Rohan Anthony Marley<br> |
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| − | Julian Ricardo Marley<br> |
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| − | Ky-Mani Marley<br> |
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| − | Damian Robert Nesta Marley |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Parent(s) |
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| − | |Norval Sinclair Marley<br> |
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| − | Cedella Malcolm Booker |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | colspan="2" |'''Musical career''' |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Genres |
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| − | | |
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| − | * Reggae |
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| − | * ska |
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| − | * rocksteady |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Instruments |
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| − | | |
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| − | * Vocals |
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| − | * guitar |
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| − | * percussion |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Years active |
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| − | |1962–1981 |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Labels |
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| − | | |
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| − | * Beverley's |
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| − | * Studio One |
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| − | * JAD |
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| − | * Wail'n Soul'm |
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| − | * Upsetter |
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| − | * Tuff Gong |
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| − | * Island |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Associated acts |
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| − | |Bob Marley and the Wailers |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Website |
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| − | |bobmarley.com |
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| − | |} |
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| − | '''Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley''', OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican reggae singer, song writer, musician, and guitarist who achieved international fame and acclaim.<sup>[1][2]</sup> Starting out in 1963 with the group The Wailers, he forged a distinctive songwriting and vocal style that would later resonate with audiences worldwide. The Wailers would go on to release some of the earliest reggae records with producer Lee Scratch Perry.<sup>[3]</sup> After the Wailers disbanded in 1974,<sup>[4]</sup> Marley pursued a solo career that culminated in the release of the album ''Exodus'' in 1977, which established his worldwide reputation and produced his status as one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, with sales of more than 75 million records.<sup>[5][6]</sup> He was a committed Rastafari who infused his music with a sense of spirituality.<sup>[7]</sup> |
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| + | On May 11, Andy, Vicky, [[James Richardson]], and 9 other students were given injections. The injections gave Andy and Vicky powers: Andy could communicate through his mind, as well as control others, while Vicky would read minds and control objects from a distance. |
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| − | == Contents == |
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| − | [hide] |
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| − | * 1 Early life and career |
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| − | * 2 Bob Marley and the Wailers |
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| − | ** 2.1 1962–1972: Early years |
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| − | ** 2.2 1972–1974: Move to Island Records |
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| − | ** 2.3 1974–1976: Line-up changes and shooting |
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| − | ** 2.4 1977–1978: Relocation to England |
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| − | ** 2.5 1979–1981: Later years |
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| − | * 3 Illness and death |
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| − | * 4 Personal life |
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| − | ** 4.1 Religion |
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| − | ** 4.2 Family |
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| − | ** 4.3 Football |
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| − | ** 4.4 Personal views |
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| − | *** 4.4.1 Pan-Africanism |
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| − | *** 4.4.2 Cannabis |
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| − | * 5 Legacy |
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| − | ** 5.1 Awards and honors |
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| − | ** 5.2 Other tributes |
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| − | * 6 Discography |
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| − | * 7 See also |
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| − | * 8 References |
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| − | ** 8.1 Notes |
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| − | ** 8.2 Sources |
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| − | * 9 External links |
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| + | At some point, they married, and Andy took a job as an English teacher at Harrison State College. In March 1975, their daughter [[Charlie McGee|Charlene McGee]] was born, with her mother's ability to read minds, as well as a terrifying pyrokinetic power. |
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| − | == Early life and career == |
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| − | Robert Nesta Marley was born on the farm of his maternal grandfather in Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Norval Sinclair Marley (1885–1955) and Cedella Booker (1926–2008).<sup>[8]</sup> Norval Marley was a British-born European-Jamaicanfrom Sussex England, whose family had Syrian Jewish origins.<sup>[9][10][11]</sup> Norval claimed to have been a captain in theRoyal Marines,<sup>[12]</sup> though at the time of his marriage to Cedella Booker, an African-Jamaican then 18 years old, he was employed as a plantation overseer.<sup>[12][13]</sup> Though Bob Marley was named Nesta Robert Marley, a Jamaican passport official would later reverse his first and middle names.<sup>[14][15]</sup> Norval provided financial support for his wife and child but seldom saw them as he was often away. Bob Marley attended Stepney Primary and Junior High School which serves the catchment area of Saint Ann.<sup>[16][17]</sup> In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at the age of 70.<sup>[18]</sup> |
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| + | Andy soon found out, from a phone call from Quincy, that the Shop was hunting people with certain powers. Realizing what might happen if the Shop found them, they lay low. |
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| − | Marley and Neville Livingston (later known as Bunny Wailer) had been childhood friends in Nine Mile. They had started to play music together while at Stepney Primary and Junior High School.<sup>[19]</sup> Marley left Nine Mile with his mother when he was 12 and moved to Trenchtown, Kingston. Cedella Booker and Thadeus Livingston (Bunny Wailer's father) had a daughter together whom they named Pearl, who was a younger sister to both Bob and Bunny. Now that Marley and Livingston were living together in the same house in Trenchtown, their musical explorations deepened to include the latest R&B from American radio stations whose broadcasts reached Jamaica, and the new Ska music.<sup>[20]</sup> The move to Trenchtown was proving to be fortuitous, and Marley soon found himself in a vocal group with Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Beverley Kelso and Junior Braithwaite. Joe Higgs, who was part of the successful vocal act Higgs and Wilson, resided on 3rd St., and his singing partner Roy Wilson had been raised by the grandmother of Junior Braithwaite. Higgs and Wilson would rehearse at the back of the houses between 2nd and 3rd Streets, and it wasn't long before Marley (now residing on 2nd St), Junior Braithwaite and the others were congregating around this successful duo.<sup>[21]</sup> Marley and the others didn't play any instruments at this time, and were more interested in being a vocal harmony group. Higgs was glad to help them develop their vocal harmonies, although more importantly, he had started to teach Marley how to play guitar—thereby creating the bedrock that would later allow Marley to construct some of the biggest-selling reggae songs in the history of the genre.<sup>[22][23]</sup> |
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| + | In August 1980, Andy was having lunch with colleagues when he had a picognitive flash. Realizing what would happen, Andy rushed home, only to find Vicky dead, with a rag down her throat, and Charlie missing. |
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| − | == Bob Marley and the Wailers == |
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| − | Main article: Bob Marley and the Wailers |
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| + | Frantic, he traced clues to the a gas station near the airport, and found his daughter in the custody of 2 Shop agents. Using his power, he made 1 agent go blind, and another agent go comatose, while he reclaimed his daughter and fled to Hammersmith, 20 miles north of Harrison. |
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| − | === 1962–1972: Early years === |
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| − | In February 1962, Marley recorded four songs, "Judge Not", "One Cup of Coffee", "Do You Still Love Me?" and "Terror", at Federal Studio for local music producerLeslie Kong.<sup>[24]</sup> Three of the songs were released on Beverley's with "One Cup of Coffee" being released under the pseudonym Bobby Martell.<sup>[25]</sup> |
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| + | Not long after, they relocated to Port City, Pennsylvania, where Charlie entered first grade. They stayed in Port City for 1 year before being discovered. |
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| − | In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith were called The Teenagers. They later changed the name to The Wailing Rudeboys, then to The Wailing Wailers, at which point they were discovered by record producer Coxsone Dodd, and finally to The Wailers. Their single "Simmer Down" for the Coxsone label became a Jamaican #1 in February 1964 selling an estimated 70,000 copies.<sup>[26]</sup> The Wailers, now regularly recording for Studio One, found themselves working with established Jamaican musicians such as Ernest Ranglin (arranger "It Hurts To Be Alone"),<sup>[27]</sup> the keyboardist Jackie Mittoo and saxophonist Roland Alphonso. By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith had left The Wailers, leaving the core trio of Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh.<sup>[28]</sup> |
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| + | They fled to Manhattan, where Andy realized his bank account had been erased. In Lenox Hill, they almost got caught by Shop Agents, but luckily hailed a taxicab to Albany County Airport. |
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| − | In 1966, Marley married Rita Anderson, and moved near his mother's residence in Wilmington, Delaware in the United States for a short time, during which he worked as a DuPont lab assistant and on the assembly line at a Chrysler plant, under the alias Donald Marley.<sup>[29]</sup> |
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| + | Realizing that they were now completely out of money, Andy considered stealing, with his daughter reminding him that it's not right to steal, and him reminding her about the lesser and greater evils. Charlie got money out of an ATM machine, and they escaped the airport just before Shop agents arrived. They spent the night at the [[Slumberland Motel]] in [[Hastings Glen]]. |
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| − | Though raised as a Catholic, Marley became interested in Rastafari beliefs in the 1960s, when away from his mother's influence.<sup>[30]</sup> After returning to Jamaica, Marley formally converted to Rastafari and began to grow dreadlocks. The Rastafari proscription against cutting hair is based on the biblical Samson, who as aNazirite, was expected to make certain religious vows, including the ritual treatment of his hair as described in Chapter Six of the Book of Numbers: |
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| + | While asleep, Andy dreamed about Granther McGee, and when they woke up the next morning, Charlie suggested that they stay at Granther's summer cabin in Tashmore. |
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| − | After a financial disagreement with Dodd, Marley and his band teamed up with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band, The Upsetters. Although the alliance lasted less than a year, they recorded what many consider The Wailers' finest work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding the assignment of recording rights, but they would remain friends and work together again. |
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| + | They hitched a ride with farmer [[Irv Manders|Irving "Irv" Manders]], under the aliases Frank and Roberta Burton, fabricating a story about how they need to get to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, as "Frank"'s wife gave birth to a boy named Andy at 1:40am. While en rout, Irv took them to his farm for a while. While Charlie helped [[Norma Manders]] feed the chickens, Andy revealed the truth to Irv. Although Irv initially didn't believe him, he did as soon as Shop agents arrived. Irv got his deer gun to help defend Andy and Charlie, but the Shop agents shot Irv and grabbed Andy. As a result, Charlie unleashed her power, killing almost everyone. Although Norma is initially horrified, Irv still helps them by giving them their Jeep, and showing them how to get to Tashmore. |
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| − | Bob Marley's flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London. |
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| + | They arrive at Granther's cabin, and spend the next 5 months there before eventually being captured by the Shop and subsequently separated for 6 months. |
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| − | Between 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer re-cut some old tracks with JAD Records inKingston and London in an attempt to commercialise The Wailers' sound. Bunny later asserted that these songs "should never be released on an album ... they were just demos for record companies to listen to". In 1968, Bob and Rita visited songwriter Jimmy Norman at his apartment in the Bronx. Norman had written the extended lyrics for Kai Winding's "Time Is on My Side" (covered by the Rolling Stones) and had also written for Johnny Nash and Jimi Hendrix.<sup>[31]</sup> A three-day jam session with Norman and others, including Norman's co-writer Al Pyfrom, resulted in a 24-minute tape of Marley performing several of his own and Norman-Pyfrom's compositions. This tape is, according to Reggae archivist Roger Steffens, rare in that it was influenced by pop rather than reggae, as part of an effort to break Marley into the American charts.<sup>[31]</sup> According to an article in ''The New York Times'', Marley experimented on the tape with different sounds, adopting a doo-wop style on "Stay With Me" and "the slow love song style of 1960's artists" on "Splish for My Splash".<sup>[31]</sup> An artist yet to establish himself outside his native Jamaica, Marley lived in Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, during 1972.<sup>[32]</sup> |
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| + | Andy soon became addicted to Thorazine, as they attempted to determine how his abilities worked. However, during a blackout, Andy was able to 'Push' himself to recover from his addiction, subsequently setting up a plan to escape by subtly 'Pushing' the director of the facility. The attempt succeeded in reuniting him with Charlie in a barn, but the deteriorating mental condition of the Shop director after Andy pushed him, combined with the twisted actions of John Rainbird, resulted in Andy being shot in the head as he and Charlie tried to escape, his last words being to ask Charlie to destroy the base and ensure that the government couldn't try something like this again. |
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| − | === 1972–1974: Move to Island Records === |
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| − | In 1972, Bob Marley signed with CBS Records in London and embarked on a UK tour with American soul singer Johnny Nash.<sup>[33]</sup> While in London the Wailers asked their road manager Brent Clarke to introduce them to Chris Blackwell who had licensed some of their Coxsone releases for his Island Records. The Wailers intended to discuss the royalties associated with these releases instead the meeting resulted in the offer of an advance of £4,000 to record an album.<sup>[34]</sup> Since Jimmy Cliff, Island's top reggae star, had recently left the label, Blackwell was primed for a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognized the elements needed to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But you needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in he really was that image."<sup>[35]</sup> The Wailers returned to Jamaica to record at Harry J's in Kingston which resulted in the album''Catch a Fire''. |
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| + | ==Firestarter (film)== |
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| − | Primarily recorded on an eight-track ''Catch a Fire'' marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock 'n' roll peers.<sup>[35]</sup> Blackwell desired to create "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm",<sup>[36]</sup> and restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of the album which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music and omitting two tracks.<sup>[35]</sup> |
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| + | In the film, Andy is played by David Keith. |
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| + | ==Appearance== |
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| − | The Wailers' first album for Island, ''Catch a Fire'', was released worldwide in April 1973, packaged like a rock record with a unique Zippo lighter lift-top. Initially selling 14,000 units, it didn't make Marley a star, but received a positive critical reception.<sup>[35]</sup> It was followed later that year by the album ''Burnin''' which included the song "I Shot the Sheriff". Eric Clapton was given the album by his guitarist George Terry in the hope that he would enjoy it.<sup>[37]</sup> Clapton was suitably impressed and chose to record a cover version of "I Shot the Sheriff" which became his first US hit since "Layla" two years earlier and reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 14 September 1974.<sup>[38]</sup> Many Jamaicans were not keen on the new reggae sound on ''Catch a Fire'', but the Trenchtown style of ''Burnin'' found fans across both reggae and rock audiences.<sup>[35]</sup> |
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| + | ===Firestarter (novel)=== |
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| + | Andy has shaggy black hair and grey-green eyes, and is described as a big man with broad shoulders. |
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| + | He wears a worn and scruffed corduroy jacket and plain brown twills. |
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| − | During this period, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley's office, but also his home.<sup>[35]</sup> |
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| + | He weighs 162 pounds, but while in confinement, he gains 28 pounds, clocking in at 190 pounds. |
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| − | The Wailers were scheduled to open seventeen shows in the US for Sly and the Family Stone. After four shows, the band was fired because they were more popular than the acts they were opening for.<sup>[39]</sup> The Wailers broke up in 1974 with each of the three main members pursuing solo careers. The reason for the breakup is shrouded in conjecture; some believe that there were disagreements amongst Bunny, Peter, and Bob concerning performances, while others claim that Bunny and Peter simply preferred solo work. |
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| + | ==Powers/Abilities== |
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| − | === 1974–1976: Line-up changes and shooting === |
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| + | As a result of the Shop's experiments on him, Andy gained a minor mind-manipulation power, which he referred to as 'the Push'. When he concentrated on someone, Andy could make them believe whatever he told them or perform certain actions, ranging from convincing someone not to commit suicide by making them forget the original traumatic event to telling an agent of the Shop that the gun he was holding was too hot to hold. Use of the Push gave Andy various headaches, but these varied in intensity depending on how long it had been since he last used the Push and what he made the subject do when he used it. The ability was most successful when used on unsuspecting targets of average intelligence, with it being ineffective on people who were particularly smart or particularly stupid who had reason to suspect that he was about to do something. As a rule of thumb, Andy recalled his Push effectiveness: "bright people it was easy, stupid people a bit tougher, and for the mentally retarded or super geniuses it was impossible". |
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| − | Bob Marley & The Wailers live at Crystal Palace Park in south-east London, during the Uprising Tour |
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| + | ==Trivia== |
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| − | Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as "Bob Marley & The Wailers". His new backing bandincluded brothers Carlton and Aston "Family Man" Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl "Wya" Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion. The "I Threes", consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, "No Woman, No Cry", from the ''Natty Dread'' album.<sup>[40]</sup> This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States,''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976), which reached the Top 50 of the Billboard Soul Charts.<sup>[41]</sup> |
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| + | *According to the novel, Andy's blood type is O. |
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| − | On 3 December 1976, two days before "Smile Jamaica", a free concert organised by the Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley in an attempt to ease tension between two warring political groups, Marley, his wife, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen inside Marley's home. Taylor and Marley's wife sustained serious injuries, but later made full recoveries. Bob Marley received minor wounds in the chest and arm.<sup>[42]</sup> The attempt on his life was thought to have been politically motivated, as many felt the concert was really a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the concert proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled, two days after the attempt. When asked why, Marley responded, "The people who are trying to make this world worse aren't taking a day off. How can I?" The members of the group Zap Pow played as Bob Marley's backup band before a festival crowd of 80,000 while members of The Wailers were still missing or in hiding.<sup>[43][44]</sup> Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976, and after a month-long "recovery and writing" sojourn at the site of Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent two years in self-imposed exile. |
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| − | |||
| − | === 1977–1978: Relocation to England === |
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| − | Whilst in England, he recorded the albums ''Exodus'' and ''Kaya''. ''Exodus'' stayed on the British album charts for fifty-six consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love" (a rendition of Curtis Mayfield's hit, "People Get Ready"). During his time in London, he was arrested and received a conviction for possession of a small quantity of cannabis.<sup>[45]</sup> In 1978, Marley returned to Jamaica and performed at another political concert, the One Love Peace Concert, again in an effort to calm warring parties. Near the end of the performance, by Marley's request, Michael Manley (leader of then-ruling People's National Party) and his political rival Edward Seaga (leader of the opposing Jamaica Labour Party), joined each other on stage and shook hands.<sup>[46]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | Under the name Bob Marley and the Wailers eleven albums were released, four live albums and seven studio albums. The releases included ''Babylon by Bus'', a double live album with thirteen tracks, were released in 1978 and received critical acclaim. This album, and specifically the final track "Jamming" with the audience in a frenzy, captured the intensity of Marley's live performances.<sup>[47]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | "Marley wasn't singing about how peace could come easily to the World but rather how hell on Earth comes too easily to too many. His songs were his memories; he had lived with the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down." |
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| − | |||
| − | – Mikal Gilmore, ''Rolling Stone''<sup>[48]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | === 1979–1981: Later years === |
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| − | ''Survival'', a defiant and politically charged album, was released in 1979. Tracks such as "Zimbabwe", "Africa Unite", "Wake Up and Live", and "Survival" reflected Marley's support for the struggles of Africans. His appearance at theAmandla Festival in Boston in July 1979 showed his strong opposition to South African apartheid, which he already had shown in his song "War" in 1976. In early 1980, he was invited to perform at 17 April celebration of Zimbabwe's Independence Day. ''Uprising'' (1980) was Bob Marley's final studio album, and is one of his most religious productions; it includes "Redemption Song" and "Forever Loving Jah".<sup>[49]</sup> ''Confrontation'', released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, including the hit "Buffalo Soldier" and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica.<sup>[50]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | == Illness and death == |
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| − | Marley in concert in 1980, Zurich, Switzerland |
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| − | |||
| − | In July 1977, Marley was found to have a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of a toe. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match that year, but was instead a symptom of the already-existing cancer. Marley turned down his doctors' advice to have his toe amputated, citing his religious beliefs, and instead the nail and nail bed were removed and a skin graft taken from his thigh to cover the area.<sup>[51][52]</sup> Despite his illness, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a world tour in 1980.<sup>[53]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | The album ''Uprising'' was released in May 1980. The band completed a major tour of Europe, where it played its biggest concert to 100,000 people in Milan. After the tour Marley went to America, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden as part of the Uprising Tour. |
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| − | |||
| − | Bob Marley appeared at the Stanley Theater (now called The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on 23 September 1980; it would be his last concert. The only known photographs from the show were featured in Kevin Macdonald's documentary film ''Marley''.<sup>[54]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | Shortly afterwards, Marley's health deteriorated as the cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was cancelled and Marley sought treatment at the Bavarian clinic of Josef Issels, where he received a controversial type of cancer therapy (Issels treatment) partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After fighting the cancer without success for eight months Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica.<sup>[55]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | While Marley was flying home from Germany to Jamaica, his vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to the hospital for immediate medical attention. Bob Marley died on 11 May 1981 at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami (now University of Miami Hospital) at the age of 36. The spread ofmelanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son Ziggy were "Money can't buy life."<sup>[56]</sup> Marley received a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy<sup>[57][58]</sup> and Rastafari tradition.<sup>[59]</sup> He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his red Gibson Les Paul (some accounts say it was a Fender Stratocaster).<sup>[60]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral eulogy to Marley, declaring: |
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| − | |||
| − | == Personal life == |
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| − | |||
| − | === Religion === |
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| − | {| class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" |
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| − | !Rastafari |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Main doctrines |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | ** Jah |
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| − | ** Ital |
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| − | ** Zion |
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| − | ** Cannabis use |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Central figures |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | ** Haile Selassie I |
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| − | ** Jesus |
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| − | ** Menen Asfaw |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Key scriptures |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | ** Bible |
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| − | ** Kebra Nagast |
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| − | ** My Life and Ethiopia's Progress |
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| − | ** The Promise Key |
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| − | ** Holy Piby |
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| − | * Royal Parchment Scroll |
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| − | of Black Supremacy |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Branches |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | ** Mansions |
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| − | ** in the U.S. |
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| − | ** Bobo Ashanti |
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| − | ** Nyabinghi |
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| − | * Twelve Tribes of Israel |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Festivals |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | ** Shashamane |
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| − | ** Grounation Day |
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| − | * Reasoning |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !Notable individuals |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | * Leonard Howell |
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| − | * Joseph Hibbert |
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| − | * Archibald Dunkley |
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| − | * Mortimer Planno |
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| − | * Vernon Carrington |
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| − | * Charles Edwards |
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| − | * Bob Marley |
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| − | * Peter Tosh |
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| − | |- |
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| − | !See also |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | ** Vocabulary |
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| − | ** Persecution |
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| − | ** Dreadlocks |
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| − | ** Reggae |
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| − | * Roots reggae |
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| − | * Ethiopian Christianity |
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| − | * Chalice |
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| − | * Index of Rastafari articles |
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| − | |- |
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| − | | |
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| − | * v |
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| − | * t |
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| − | * e |
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| − | |} |
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| − | Bob Marley was a member for some years of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. Bob Marley became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking their music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the international music scene. He once gave the following response, which was typical, to a question put to him during a recorded interview: |
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| − | |||
| − | According to Marley's biographers, he affiliated with the Twelve Tribes Mansion, one of the Mansions of Rastafari. He was in the denomination known as "Tribe of Joseph", because he was born in February (each of the twelve sects being composed of members born in a different month). He signified this in his album liner notes, quoting the portion from ''Genesis'' that includes Jacob's blessing to his son Joseph. |
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| − | |||
| − | Shortly before his death, Marley was baptised into Christianity by Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Kingston, Jamaica, on 4 November 1980.<sup>[63][64]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | === Family === |
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| − | Bob Marley married Alpharita Constantia "Rita" Anderson in Kingston, Jamaica, on 10 February 1966. Marley had a number of children: three with his wife Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and several others with different women. The Bob Marley official website acknowledges eleven children. |
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| − | |||
| − | Those listed on the official site are: |
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| − | # Sharon, born 23 November 1964, daughter of Rita from a previous relationship but then adopted by Marley after his marriage with Rita |
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| − | # Cedella born 23 August 1967, to Rita |
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| − | # David "Ziggy", born 17 October 1968, to Rita |
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| − | # Stephen, born 20 April 1972, to Rita |
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| − | # Robert "Robbie", born 16 May 1972, to Pat Williams |
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| − | # Rohan, born 19 May 1972, to Janet Hunt |
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| − | # Karen, born 1973 to Janet Bowen |
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| − | # Stephanie, born 17 August 1974; according to Cedella Booker she was the daughter of Rita and a man called Ital with whom Rita had an affair; nonetheless she was acknowledged as Bob's daughter |
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| − | # Julian, born 4 June 1975, to Lucy Pounder |
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| − | # Ky-Mani, born 26 February 1976, to Anita Belnavis |
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| − | # Damian, born 21 July 1978, to Cindy Breakspeare |
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| − | Other sites have noted additional individuals who claim to be family members,<sup>[65]</sup> as noted below: |
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| − | * Makeda was born on 30 May 1981, to Yvette Crichton, after Marley's death.<sup>[66]</sup> Meredith Dixon's book lists her as Marley's child, but she is not listed as such on the Bob Marley official website. |
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| − | * Various websites, for example,<sup>[67]</sup> also list Imani Carole, born 22 May 1963 to Cheryl Murray; but she does not appear on the official Bob Marley website.<sup>[66]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | === Football === |
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| − | Aside from music, football played a major role throughout his life.<sup>[68]</sup> As well as playing the game, in parking lots, fields, and even inside recording studios, growing up he followed the Brazilian club Santos and its star player Pelé.<sup>[68]</sup> Marley surrounded himself with people from the sport, and in the 1970s made the Jamaican international footballer Allan “Skill” Cole his tour manager.<sup>[68]</sup> He told a journalist, “If you want to get to know me, you will have to play football against me and the Wailers.”<sup>[68]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | === Personal views === |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== Pan-Africanism ==== |
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| − | Marley was a Pan-Africanist, and believed in the unity of African people worldwide. His beliefs in Pan-Africanism were rooted in his Rastafari religious beliefs.<sup>[69]</sup> He was substantially inspired by Marcus Garvey, and had anti-imperialist and pro-African themes in many of his songs, such as "Zimbabwe", "Exodus", "Survival", "Blackman Redemption", and "Redemption Song". "Redemption Song" draws influence from a speech given by Marcus Garvey in Nova Scotia, 1937.<sup>[70]</sup> In the song "Africa Unite", Bob Marley sings of a desire for all peoples of the African diaspora to come together and fight against "Babylon", which represents imperialist and colonialist ideals that have oppressed African people through the eradication of their original culture and beliefs. Marley believed that the freedom and independence of African countries (such as Zimbabwe) from European domination was a victory for all peoples of the African diaspora.<sup>[71]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== Cannabis ==== |
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| − | See also: Rastafari and cannabis |
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| − | |||
| − | Marley considered cannabis a healing herb, a "sacrament", and an "aid to medication"; he supported the legalization of the drug.<sup>[72]</sup> He thought that marijuana use was prevalent in the Bible, reading passages such as Psalms 104:14 as showing approval of its usage.<sup>[72]</sup> Marley began to use cannabis when he converted to the Rastafari faith from Catholicism in 1966. He was arrested in 1968 after being caught with cannabis, but continued to use marijuana in accordance with his religious beliefs. Of his marijuana usage, he said, "When you smoke herb, herb reveal yourself to you. All the wickedness you do, the herb reveal itself to yourself, your conscience, show up yourself clear, because herb make you meditate. Is only a natural t'ing and it grow like a tree."<sup>[73]</sup> Marley saw marijuana usage as a vital factor in religious growth and connection with Jah, and as a way to philosophize and become wiser.<sup>[74]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | == Legacy == |
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| − | |||
| − | === Awards and honors === |
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| − | * 1976: Band of the Year (''Rolling Stone''). |
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| − | * June 1978: Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations.<sup>[75]</sup> |
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| − | * February 1981: Awarded Jamaica's third highest honour, the Jamaican Order of Merit.<sup>[8]</sup> |
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| − | * March 1994: Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. |
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| − | * 1999: Album of the Century for ''Exodus'' by ''Time Magazine''.<sup>[76]</sup> |
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| − | * February 2001: A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. |
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| − | * February 2001: Awarded Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.<sup>[77]</sup> |
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| − | * 2004: ''Rolling Stone'' ranked him No. 11 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.<sup>[78]</sup> |
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| − | * "One Love" named song of the millennium by BBC. |
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| − | * Voted as one of the greatest lyricists of all time by a BBC poll.<sup>[79]</sup> |
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| − | * 2006: An English Heritage blue plaque was unveiled at his first UK residence in Ridgmount Gardens, London, dedicated to him by Nubian Jak community trust and supported by Her Majesty's Foreign Office.<sup>[80]</sup> |
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| − | * 2010: ''Catch a Fire'' inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame (Reggae Album).<sup>[81]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | === Other tributes === |
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| − | Statue of Bob Marley in Kingston |
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| − | |||
| − | A statue was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate him.<sup>[82]</sup> In 2006, theNew York City Department of Education co-named a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn as "Bob Marley Boulevard".<sup>[83][84]</sup> In 2008, a statue of Marley was inaugurated inBanatski Sokolac, Serbia.<sup>[85]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | Internationally, Marley's message also continues to reverberate among various indigenous communities. For instance, the Australian Aborigines continue to burn a sacred flame to honor his memory in Sydney's Victoria Park, while members of the Amerindian Hopi and Havasupai tribe revere his work.<sup>[75]</sup> There are also many tributes to Bob Marley throughout India, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.<sup>[86][87]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | Marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of mediums. In light of this, author Dave Thompson in his book ''Reggae and Caribbean Music'', laments what he perceives to be the commercialized pacification of Marley's more militant edge, stating: |
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| − | |||
| − | Several film adaptations have evolved as well. For example, a feature-length documentary about his life, ''Rebel Music'', won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marley's lovers and children, it also tells much of the story in his own words.<sup>[89]</sup> In February 2008, director Martin Scorseseannounced his intention to produce a documentary movie on Marley. The film was set to be released on 6 February 2010, on what would have been Marley's 65th birthday.<sup>[90]</sup> However, Scorsese dropped out due to scheduling problems. He was replaced by Jonathan Demme,<sup>[91]</sup> who dropped out due to creative differences with producer Steve Bing during the beginning of editing. Kevin Macdonald replaced Demme<sup>[92]</sup> and the film, ''Marley'', was released on 20 April 2012.<sup>[93]</sup> In March 2008,The Weinstein Company announced its plans to produce a biopic of Bob Marley, based on the book ''No Woman No Cry: My Life With Bob Marley'' by Rita Marley. Rudy Langlais will produce the script by Lizzie Borden and Rita Marley will be executive producer.<sup>[94]</sup> In 2011, ex-girlfriend and filmmaker Esther Anderson, along withGian Godoy, made the documentary ''Bob Marley: The Making of a Legend'', which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival.<sup>[95]</sup> |
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| − | |||
| − | == Discography == |
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| − | Main article: Bob Marley and the Wailers discography |
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| − | |||
| − | '''Studio albums''' |
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| − | * ''The Wailing Wailers'' (1965) |
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| − | * ''Soul Rebels'' (1970) |
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| − | * ''Soul Revolution'' (1971) |
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| − | * ''The Best of the Wailers'' (1971) |
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| − | * ''Catch a Fire'' (1973) |
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| − | * ''Burnin''' (1973) |
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| − | * ''Natty Dread'' (1974) |
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| − | * ''Rastaman Vibration'' (1976) |
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| − | * ''Exodus'' (1977) |
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| − | * ''Kaya'' (1978) |
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| − | * ''Survival'' (1979) |
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| − | * ''Uprising'' (1980) |
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| − | * ''Confrontation'' (1983) |
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| − | '''Live albums''' |
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| − | * ''Live!'' (1975) |
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| − | * ''Babylon By Bus'' (1978) |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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<gallery widths="200"> |
<gallery widths="200"> |
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==Appearences== |
==Appearences== |
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*''[[Firestarter]]'' |
*''[[Firestarter]]'' |
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+ | [[Category:Males]] |
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[[Category:Lovers]] |
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Revision as of 09:07, 9 January 2020
Andrew "Andy" McGee is the deuteragonist in Firestarter and the 1984 film adaptation.
Firestarter (novel)
Andy was born on December 14, 1947, in Tashmore, Vermont.
Once, when he was 9 years old, he was hunting with his father and maternal grandfather, and he killed a squirrel. Traumatized by what he had done, he vowed to never kill anything with a gun, to which his grandfather told him, "God loves to make a man break a vow".
Once, when he was 10 years old, he broke his left ankle while sliding into second base in a Little League baseball game.
Andy's father died from a sudden heart attack when he was 11 (1958), and his mother was killed in a car crash when he was 17 (1964). He was later raised by his mother's sister Cora.
At some point, he moved to Harrison, a town in eastern Ohio. He enrolled at Harrison State College around 1966.
In May 1969, his friend Quincy Tremont recommended $200 if he volunteered for an experiment being performed by Joseph Wanless, Doctor of Psychology for The Shop. Although suspicious, he agreed to sign on.
On May 6, he turned in his volunteer form when he met his future wife Victoria "Vicky" Tomlinson. The two got to talking, and Andy was disappointed when he found out she had a boyfriend named George. Nevertheless, he convinced Vicky to sign on to the experiment. Although George was adamant about her not doing so, Vicky volunteered anyway.
On May 11, Andy, Vicky, James Richardson, and 9 other students were given injections. The injections gave Andy and Vicky powers: Andy could communicate through his mind, as well as control others, while Vicky would read minds and control objects from a distance.
At some point, they married, and Andy took a job as an English teacher at Harrison State College. In March 1975, their daughter Charlene McGee was born, with her mother's ability to read minds, as well as a terrifying pyrokinetic power.
Andy soon found out, from a phone call from Quincy, that the Shop was hunting people with certain powers. Realizing what might happen if the Shop found them, they lay low.
In August 1980, Andy was having lunch with colleagues when he had a picognitive flash. Realizing what would happen, Andy rushed home, only to find Vicky dead, with a rag down her throat, and Charlie missing.
Frantic, he traced clues to the a gas station near the airport, and found his daughter in the custody of 2 Shop agents. Using his power, he made 1 agent go blind, and another agent go comatose, while he reclaimed his daughter and fled to Hammersmith, 20 miles north of Harrison.
Not long after, they relocated to Port City, Pennsylvania, where Charlie entered first grade. They stayed in Port City for 1 year before being discovered.
They fled to Manhattan, where Andy realized his bank account had been erased. In Lenox Hill, they almost got caught by Shop Agents, but luckily hailed a taxicab to Albany County Airport.
Realizing that they were now completely out of money, Andy considered stealing, with his daughter reminding him that it's not right to steal, and him reminding her about the lesser and greater evils. Charlie got money out of an ATM machine, and they escaped the airport just before Shop agents arrived. They spent the night at the Slumberland Motel in Hastings Glen.
While asleep, Andy dreamed about Granther McGee, and when they woke up the next morning, Charlie suggested that they stay at Granther's summer cabin in Tashmore.
They hitched a ride with farmer Irving "Irv" Manders, under the aliases Frank and Roberta Burton, fabricating a story about how they need to get to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, as "Frank"'s wife gave birth to a boy named Andy at 1:40am. While en rout, Irv took them to his farm for a while. While Charlie helped Norma Manders feed the chickens, Andy revealed the truth to Irv. Although Irv initially didn't believe him, he did as soon as Shop agents arrived. Irv got his deer gun to help defend Andy and Charlie, but the Shop agents shot Irv and grabbed Andy. As a result, Charlie unleashed her power, killing almost everyone. Although Norma is initially horrified, Irv still helps them by giving them their Jeep, and showing them how to get to Tashmore.
They arrive at Granther's cabin, and spend the next 5 months there before eventually being captured by the Shop and subsequently separated for 6 months.
Andy soon became addicted to Thorazine, as they attempted to determine how his abilities worked. However, during a blackout, Andy was able to 'Push' himself to recover from his addiction, subsequently setting up a plan to escape by subtly 'Pushing' the director of the facility. The attempt succeeded in reuniting him with Charlie in a barn, but the deteriorating mental condition of the Shop director after Andy pushed him, combined with the twisted actions of John Rainbird, resulted in Andy being shot in the head as he and Charlie tried to escape, his last words being to ask Charlie to destroy the base and ensure that the government couldn't try something like this again.
Firestarter (film)
In the film, Andy is played by David Keith.
Appearance
Firestarter (novel)
Andy has shaggy black hair and grey-green eyes, and is described as a big man with broad shoulders.
He wears a worn and scruffed corduroy jacket and plain brown twills.
He weighs 162 pounds, but while in confinement, he gains 28 pounds, clocking in at 190 pounds.
Powers/Abilities
As a result of the Shop's experiments on him, Andy gained a minor mind-manipulation power, which he referred to as 'the Push'. When he concentrated on someone, Andy could make them believe whatever he told them or perform certain actions, ranging from convincing someone not to commit suicide by making them forget the original traumatic event to telling an agent of the Shop that the gun he was holding was too hot to hold. Use of the Push gave Andy various headaches, but these varied in intensity depending on how long it had been since he last used the Push and what he made the subject do when he used it. The ability was most successful when used on unsuspecting targets of average intelligence, with it being ineffective on people who were particularly smart or particularly stupid who had reason to suspect that he was about to do something. As a rule of thumb, Andy recalled his Push effectiveness: "bright people it was easy, stupid people a bit tougher, and for the mentally retarded or super geniuses it was impossible".
Trivia
- According to the novel, Andy's blood type is O.
Gallery
Andy McGee
Andy McGee with Vicky Tomlinson
Andy McGee using his powers
Andy McGee with Charlie McGee